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Use of material: Most texts and images, in particular photographs, on this website are protected by copyright. One of the three large mid-crustal active magma bodies in the continent occurs near Socorro, New Mexico. Oddly, the Socorro area is one of the few areas where there is a dearth of young volcanoes, so perhaps the rift is working on filling out its volcano landscaping. Throughout the world most people are so far removed from any volcano that they must travel many days or fly in and out at great cost.
In New Mexico, you can get up in the morning, eat breakfast at the kitchen table, put on your field clothes, and be standing on a world-class example of some volcanic feature by early morning; or you need only look out the window to see at least one of those world-class examples on the horizon; or in only a few minutes you can go stand on one of the best young examples of a fissure eruption Albuquerque Volcanoes , a cluster of maar craters Potrillo , or one of the largest young calderas of the supereruption-type in the world Valles Caldera.
The climate of New Mexico favors preservation of volcanologic features. Whereas most of the volcanic areas on the continent are extensively "water-damaged," New Mexico is a giant air-conditioned museum of volcanic phenomena preservation.
Even those volcanoes that are eroded are really only deeply cut, not weathered, and the surface features are still intact for examination.
In New Mexico you may truly walk through the interior of many volcanoes and still examine their relatively uneroded surface features. All of the principal types of volcanic landform composite volcano, shield volcano, volcanic caldera, major ash-flows, pahoehoe and aa lava, maar crater, fissure eruptions, cinder cones occur in New Mexico.
Also consider the fact that volcanic phenomena tend to concentrate in two of the three types of plate boundaries subduction zones, transform boundaries, and rifting boundaries. Transform boundaries, such as Southern California, tend not to have volcanoes. Subduction zones are the site of the big, explosive composite volcanoes, such as those around the Pacific Ring of Fire.
In its vicinity, there are at least 28 villages and cities crossing both states. Geodetic monitoring, sometimes called volcanic deformation , uses dry inclinometers installed at the volcano and periodic measurement of geodetic benchmarks using an electronic distance-meter to predict future eruptive behaviour.
After a quiet period between August and March , Popo started to explosively erupt again in early March and, later that month, the first lava domes were observed inside the immense crater of the volcano.
At the time, the crater was almost kilometre in diameter and almost to metres deep. Since , Popo has continued to experience explosive events that have wiped away the lava domes formed inside the crater. Thus far, some 60 lava domes have been formed inside the crater and then destroyed by explosive eruptions of the volcano. Still, some of this explosive activity has been so energetic that civil defence authorities have evacuated communities closest to the crater, including Santiago Xalitzintla and San Pedro Nexapa, both of which located approximately 11 kilometres away.
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